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TAUGHT 



CAROLINE 
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a LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. gJj 

§ 9—165 SSipfKS 



ENGLISH 
AS SHE IS TAUGHT 



Encjlisb 
Hs She is Uaugbt 



GENUINE ANSWERS TO SOME 

EXAMINATION QUESTIONS ASKED 

IN OUR PUBLIC SCHOOLS 



COLLECTED BY 

CAROLINE B. Le ROW 

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY 

MARK TWAIN 




■> » • ■» 



NEW YORK 

THE CENTURY CO. 

1901 






TH£ LMiRrtrtv OF 

CONGRESS, 
One Ook-v Received 

^N, 23 i903 

COPYRIGHT ENTRY 

OOPY A. 



Copyright, 1887, by 
The Centuky Co. 



Copyright, 1887, by 
O. M. DUKHAM 



THE DEVINNE PRESS. 



\ 



From "DOMBEY AND SON" 

(Charles Dickens) 

Dr. Blimber's establishment was a great hot- 
house in which there was a forcing apparatus 
incessantly at work. All the boys blew before 
their time. Mental green peas were produced 
at Christmas and intellectual asparagus all the 
year round. Mathematical gooseberries (very 
sour ones) were common at untimely seasons 
and from mere sprouts of bushes under 
Dr. Blimber's cultivation. Every description 
of Greek and Latin vegetable was got off 
the dryest twigs of boys under the frostiest 
circumstances. Nature was of no consequence 
at all. No matter what a young gentleman 
was intended to bear, Dr. Blimber made 
him bear to pattern. But the system of 
forcing was attended with its usual disadvan- 
tages. There was not the right taste about 
the premature productions and they didn't 
keep well. When poor Paul had spelt out No. 
2 he found he had no idea of No. 1, fragments 
whereof afterwards obtruded themselves into 
No. 3 which slided into No. 4 which grafted 

[v] 



jEngiteb as ©be is ftaugbt 

itself on to No. 2; so that whether twenty 
Romuluses made a Bemus, or a verb always 
agreed with an ancient Briton, or three times 
four was Taurus a bull, were open questions 
with him. But however high and false the 
temperature at which Dr. Blimber kept his hot- 
house, the owners of the plauts were always 
ready to lend a helping hand at the bellows 
and to stir the fire. 



[vi] 



preface 

As the greatest compliment that could be paid 
a writer would be the assumption that the ma- 
terial contained in this little volume was the 
product of that writer's ingenuity or imagina- 
tion, it seems needless for the compiler to 
state that every line is just what it purports to 
be — bone-fide answers to questions asked in 
the public schools. 

Mark Twain, with his inimitable drollery, 
comments in the Introduction which follows 
upon English as She is Taught. Even 
this master of English humor acknowledges 
his inability to comprehend how such success 
in the literature of fun could be attained, not 
only without effort or intention, but through 
heroic struggles to set forth hard facts and 
sober statistics. 

[vii] 



.. 



Contents 



PAGE 

i Etymological 3 

ii Grammatical 16 

in Mathematical 20 

iv Geographical 22 

v Original . . . . . . .31 

vi Analytical 44 

vn Historical 53 

viii Intellectual 66 

ix Philosophical 88 

x Physiological 92 

xi Astronomical 99 

xii Political 102 

xiii Musical 104 

xiv Oratorical 105 

xv Metaphysical 107 



[ix] 



I 



Untrobuction 

N the appendix to Croker's BoswelFs John- 
son, one finds this anecdote : 



Cato's Soliloquy. — One day Mrs. Gastrel set a little 
girl to repeat to him [Doctor Samuel Johnson] Cato's 
Soliloquy, which she went through very correctly. The 
Doctor, after a pause, asked the child : 

"What was to bring Cato to an end?" 

She said it was a knife. 



a 



No, my dear, it was not so." 

" My Aunt Polly said it was a knife." 

"Why, Aunt Polly's knife may do, but it was a dag- 
ger, my dear." 

He then asked her the meaning of "bane and anti- 
dote," which she was unable to give. Mrs. Gastrel 
said: 

1 ' You cannot expect so young a chile' to know the 
meaning of such words." 

He then said : 

" My dear, how many pence are there in sixpence f " 

" I cannot tell, sir," was the half-terrified reply. 

On this, addressing himself to Mrs. Gastrel, he said : 

"Now, my dear lady, can anything be more ridicu- 
lous than to teach a child Cato's Soliloquy, who does 
not know how many pence there are in sixpence?" 

[xi] 



flntro&uction 

In a lecture before the Royal Geographical 
Society, Professor Ravenstein quoted the fol- 
lowing list of frantic questions, and said that 
they had been asked in an examination : 

Mention all the names of places in the world derived 
from Julius Caesar or Augustus Caesar. 

Where are the following rivers: Pisuerga, Sakaria, 
Guadalete, Jalon, Mulde ? 

All you know of the following: Machacha, Pilmo, 
Schebulos, Crivoscia, Basecs, Mancikert, Taxhen, Ci- 
teaux, Meloria, Zutphen. 

The highest peaks of the Karakorum range. 

The number of universities in Prussia. 

Why are the tops of mountains continually covered 
with snow [sic] ? 

Name the length and breadth of the streams of lava 
which issued from the Skaptar Jokul in the eruption 
of 1783. 

That list would oversize nearly anybody's 
geographical knowledge. Isn't it reasonably 
possible that in our schools many of the ques- 
tions in all studies are several miles ahead of 
where the pupil is t — that he is set to struggle 
with things that are ludicrously beyond his 
present reach, hopelessly beyond his present 
strength? This remark in passing, and by 
way of text ; now I come to what I was going 
to say. 

Some time ago I fell upon a darling literary 
[xii] 



Ifntrofcuction 

curiosity. It was this little book, the manu- 
script of which was sent to me by the com- 
piler with the request that I should say whether 
I thought it ought to be published or not. I 
said Yes ; but as I slowly grow wise, I briskly 
grow cautious ; and so, when the publication 
was imminent, it seemed to me that I should 
feel more comfortable if I could divide up this 
responsibility with the public by adding them 
to the court. Therefore I printed some ex- 
tracts from the book, in the hope that they 
might make converts to my judgment that the 
volume had merit which entitled it to publica- 
tion. 1 

As to its character. Every one has sam- 
pled "English as She is Spoke" and "Eng- 
lish as She is Wrote " ; this little volume fur- 
nishes us an instructive array of examples of 
"English as She is Taught" — in the public 
schools of — well, this country. The collection 
was made by a teacher in those schools, and 
all the examples in it are genuine j none of 
them have been tampered with, or doctored in 
any way. From time to time, during several 
years, whenever a pupil delivered himself of 
anything peculiarly quaint or toothsome in 
the course of his recitations, this teacher and 

1 In the " Century Magazine," April, 1887. 

i* [ xiii ] 



flntrobuction 

her associates privately set that thing down 
in a memorandum-book, strictly following the 
onginal as to grammar, construction, spelling, 
and all; and the result is this literary curiosity. 

The contents of the book consist mainly of 
answers given by the boys and girls to ques- 
tions, said answers being given sometimes 
verbally, sometimes in writing. The subjects 
touched upon are fifteen in number: I. Ety- 
mology; II. Grammar; III. Mathematics; 
IV. Geography; V. " Original"; VI. Analy- 
sis; VII. History; VIII. "Intellectual"; 
IX. Philosophy ; X. Physiology ; XI. Astron- 
omy; XII. Politics; XIII. Music; XIV. Ora- 
tory; XV. Metaphysics. 

You perceive that the poor little young idea 
has taken a shot at a good many kinds of 
game in the course of the book. Now as to 
results. Here are some quaint definitions of 
words. It will be noticed that in all of these 
instances the sound of the word, or the look 
of it on paper, has misled the child : 

Alias, a good man in the Bible. 
Ammonia, the food of the gods. 
Auriferous, pertaining to an orifice. 
Emolument, a headstone to a grave. 
Eucharist, one who plays euchre. 
Ipecac, *a man who likes a good dinner. 

[ xiv ] 



flntrofcuction 

Here is one where the phrase "publicans 
and sinners " has got mixed up in the child's 
mind with politics, and the result is a defini- 
tion which takes one in a sudden and unex- 
pected way : 

Bepublican, a sinner mentioned in the Bible. 

Also in Democratic newspapers now and then. 
Here are two where the mistake has re- 
sulted from sound assisted by remote fact: 

Plagiarist, a writer of plays. 

Demagogue, a vessel containing beer and other 
liquids. 

I cannot quite make out what it was that 
misled the pupil in the following instances ; it 
would not seem to have been the sound of 
the word, nor the look of it in print : 

Asphyxia, a grumbling, fussy temper. 
Quarternions, a bird with a flat beak and no bill, liv- 
ing in New Zealand. 
Sibilant, the state of being idiotic. 

In the following sentences the pupil's ear 
has been deceiving him again : 

The marriage was illegible. 
He enjoys riding on a philosopher. 
She was very quick at repertoire. 
They had a strawberry vestibule. 

[XV] 



flntrotmction 

Here is one which — well, now, how often 
we do slam right into the truth without ever 
suspecting it : 

The men employed by the Gas Company go round 
and speculate the meter. 

Indeed they do, dear; and when you grow 
up, many and many's the time you will notice 
it in the gas bill. 

In the following sentences the little people 
have some information to convey, every time ; 
but in my case they failed to connect : the 
light always went out on the keystone word : 

The coercion of some things is remarkable, as 
bread and molasses. 

Her hat is contiguous because she wears it on one 
side. 

You should take caution and be precarious. 

The supercilious girl acted with vicissitude when the 
perennial time came. 

That last is a curiously plausible sentence; 
one seems to know what it means, and yet 
he knows all the time that he doesn't. 

Here is an odd (but entirely proper) use of 
a word, and a most sudden descent from a 
lofty philosophical altitude to a very practical 
and homely illustration : 

We should endeavor to avoid extremes — like those 
of wasps and bees. 

[xvi] 



Untrotmction 

And here — with "zoological" and "geo- 
logical" in his mind, bnt not ready to his 
tongue — the small scholar has innocently 
gone and let out a couple of secrets which 
ought never to have been divulged in any 
circumstances : 

There are a good many donkeys in theological 
gardens. 

Some of the best fossils are found in theological 
cabinets. 

Under the head of " Grammar n the little 
scholars furnish the following information : 

Gender is the distinguishing nouns without regard to 
sex. 

Adverbs should always be used as adjectives and 
adjectives as adverbs. 

Every sentence and name of God must begin with 
a caterpillar. 

" Caterpillar " is well enough, but " capital 
letter " would have been stricter. The follow- 
ing is a brave attempt at a solution, but it 
failed to liquefy : 

When they are going to say some prose or poetry 
before they say the poetry or prose they must put a 
semicolon just after the introduction of the prose or 
poetry. 

[ xvii ] 



flntrofcuction 

The chapter on "Mathematics" is full of 
fruit. From it I take a few samples — mainly 
in an unripe state. 

A circle is a round straight line with a hole in the 
middle. 

Things which are equal to each other are equal to 
anything else. 

To find the number of square feet in a room you 
multiply the room by the number of the feet. The 
product is the result. 

Eight you are. In the matter of geography 
this little book is unspeakably rich. The ques- 
tions do not appear to have applied the mi- 
croscope to the subject, as did those quoted by 
Professor Ravenstein j still, they proved plenty 
difficult enough without that. These pupils 
did not hunt with a microscope, they hunted 
with a shot-gun ; this is shown by the crippled 
condition of the game they brought in : 

The Rocky Mountains are on the western side of 
Philadelphia. 

Cape Hatteras is a vast body of water surrounded by 
land and flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. 

Mason and Dixon's line is the Equater. 

One of the leading industries of the United States is 
mollasses book-covers numbers gas teaching lumber 
manufactures paper-making publishers coal. 

Hindoostan flows through the Ganges and empties 
into the Mediterranean Sea. 

[ xviii ] 



Untrotmction 

Ireland is called the Emigrant Isle because it is so 
beautiful and green. 

The two most famous volcanoes of Europe are 
Sodom and Gomorrah. 

The chapter headed "Analysis" shows us 
that the pupils in our public schools are not 
merely loaded up with those showy facts about 
geography, mathematics, and so on, and left 
in that incomplete state ; no, there's machi- 
nery for clarifying and expanding their minds. 
They are required to take poems and analyze 
them, dig out their common sense, reduce 
them to statistics, and reproduce them in a 
luminous prose translation which shall tell you 
at a glance what the poet was trying to get at. 
One sample will do. Here is a stanza from 
" The Lady of the Lake," followed by the pu- 
pil's impressive explanation of it. 

Alone, but with unbated zeal, 
The horseman plied with scourge and steel ; 
For jaded now and spent with toil, 
Embossed with foam and dark with soil, 
While every gasp with sobs he drew, 
The laboring stag strained full in view. 

The man who rode on the horse performed the whip 
and an instrument made of steel alone with strong 
ardor not diminishing, for, being tired from the time 
passed with hard labor overworked with anger and 
ignorant with weariness, while every breath for labor 

[xix] 



Untrobuction 

he drew with cries full of sorrow, the young deer made 
imperfect who worked hard filtered in sight. 

I see, now, that I never understood that 
poem before. I have had glimpses of its 
meaning, in moments when I was not as ig- 
norant with weariness as usual, but this is the 
first time the whole spacious idea of it ever 
filtered in sight. If I were a public-school 
pupil I would put those other studies aside 
and stick to analysis ; for, after all, it is the 
thing to spread your mind. 

We come now to historical matters, histori- 
cal remains, one might say. As one turns the 
pages, he is impressed with the depth to which 
one date has been driven into the American 
child's head — 1492. The date is there, and it 
is there to stay. And it is always at hand, 
always deliverable at a moment's notice. But 
the Fact that belongs with it ? That is quite 
another matter. Only the date itself is famil- 
iar and sure : its vast Fact has failed of lodg- 
ment. It would appear that whenever you 
ask a public-school pupil when a thing — any- 
thing, no matter what — happened, and he is 
in doubt, he always rips out his 1492. He ap- 
plies it to everything, from the landing of the 
ark to the introduction of the horse-car. Well, 

[xx] 



flntrobuction 

after all, it is our first date, and so it is right 
enough to honor it, and pay the public schools 
to teach our children to honor it : 

George Washington was born in 1492. 

Washington wrote the Declareation of Independence 
in 1492. 

St. Bartholomew was massacred in 1492. 

The Brittains were the Saxons who entered England 
in 1492 under Julius Csesar. 

The earth' is 1492 miles in circumference. 

To proceed with " History " : 

Queen Isabella of Spain sold her watch and chain 
and other millinery so that Columbus could discover 
America. 

The Indians pursued their warfare by hiding in 
bushes and then scalping them. 

The Puritans found an insane asylum in the wilds of 
America. 

The Stamp Act was to make everybody stamp all 
materials so they should be null and void. 

Washington died in Spain almost broken-hearted. 
His remains were taken to the cathedral in Havanna. 

Henry Eight was famous for being a great widower 
having lost several wives. 

Lady Jane Grey studied Greek and Latin and was 
beheaded after a few days. 

Lord James Gordon Bennett instigated the Gordon 
Riots. 

Julius Caesar is noted for his famous telegram de- 
spatch I came I saw I conquered. 

[xxi] 



flntrobuction 

The only form of government in Greece was a limited 
monkey. 

Socrates . . . destroyed some statues and had to 
drink Shamrock. 

Here is a fact correctly stated j and yet it 
is phrased with such ingenious infelicity that 
it can be depended upon to convey misinfor- 
mation every time it is uncaref ully read : 

By the Salic laws no woman or descendant of a 
woman conld occupy the throne. • 

To show how far a child can travel in his- 
tory with judicious and diligent boosting in 
the public school, we select the following 
mosaic : 

Abraham Lincoln was born in "Wales in 1599. 

In the chapter headed " Intellectual n I find 
a great number of most interesting state- 
ments. A sample or two may be found not 

amiss : 

Snow Bound was written by Peter Cooper. 

The House of the Seven Gables was written by Lord 
Bryant. 

Ben Jonson survived Shakespeare in some respects. 

Chaucer was the father of English pottery. 

Chaucer was succeeded by H. Wads. Longfellow an 
American Writer. His writings were chiefly prose and 
* nearly one hundred years elapsed. 

[xxii] 



flntrobuction 

In the middle of the chapter I find many 
pages of information concerning Shakspere's 
plays, Milton's works, and those of Bacon, 
Addison, Samuel Johnson, Fielding, Richard- 
son, Sterne, Smollett, Defoe, Locke, Pope, 
Swift, Goldsmith, Burns, Cowper, Words- 
worth, Gibbon, Byron, Coleridge, Hood, Scott, 
Macaulay, George Eliot, Dickens, Bulwer, 
Thackeray, Browning, Mrs. Browning, Tenny- 
son, and Disraeli — a fact which shows that 
into the restricted stomach of the public-school 
pupil is shoveled every year the blood, bone, 
and viscera of a gigantic literature, and the 
same is there digested and disposed of in a 
most successful and characteristic and grati- 
fying public-school way. I have space for 
but a trifling few of the results : 

George Eliot left a wife and children who mourned 
greatly for his genius. 

Sir Walter Scott Charles Bronte Alfred the Great 
and Johnson were the first great novelists. 

Thomas Babbington Makorley graduated at Harvard 
and then studied law, he was raised to the peerage as 
Baron in 1557 and died in 1776. 

Here are two or three miscellaneous facts 
that may be of value, if taken in moderation : 

Homer's writings are Homer's Essays Virgil the 
Aneid and paradise lost some people say that these 

[xxiii] 



Untrobuction 

poems were not written by Homer but by another man 
of the same name. 

A sort of sadness kind of shone in Bryant's poems. 

Holmes is a very profligate and amusing writer. 

When the public-school pupil wrestles with 
the political features of the Great Republic, 
they throw him sometimes : 

A bill becomes a law when the President vetos it. 

The first Conscientious Congress met in Philadel- 
phia. 

The Constitution of the United States was estab- 
lished to ensure domestic hostility. 

Truth crushed to earth will rise again — as 
follows : 

The Constitution of the United States is that part 
of the book at the end which nobody reads. 

And here she rises once more and untimely. 
There should be a limit to public-school in- 
struction ; it cannot be wise or well to let the 
young find out everything : 

Congress is divided into civilized half civilized and 
savage. 

Here are some results of study in music and 
oratory : 

[xxiv] 



flntrobuction 

An interval in music is the distance on the key board 
from one piano to the next. 

A Rest means you are not to sing it. 

Emphasis is putting more distress on one word than 
another. 

The chapter on "Physiology" contains 
much that ought not to be lost to science : 

Physillogigy is to study about your bones stummick 
and vertebry. 

We have an upper and a lower skin. The lower skin 
moves all the time and the upper skin moves when we 
do. 

The body is mostly composed of water and about 
one half is avaricious tissue. 

The chyle flows up the middle of the backbone and 
reaches the heart where it meets the oxygen and is 
purified. 

In the stomach starch is changed to cane-sugar and 
cane-sugar to sugar-cane. 

If, up to this point, none of my quotations 
have added flavor to the Johnsonian anecdote 
at the head of this Introduction, let us make 
another attempt : 

The theory that intuitive truths are discovered by 
the light of nature originated from St. John's interpre- 
tation of a passage in the Gospel of Plato. 

The weight of the earth is found by comparing a 
mass of known lead with that of a mass of unknown 
lead. 

[xxv] 



flntrotmction 

A body will go just as far in the first second as the 
body will go plus the force the gravity and that's equal 
to twice what the body will go. 

Inertia is that proberty of bodies by virtue of which 
it cannot change its own condition of rest or motion. 
In other words it is the negative quality of passiveness 
either in recoverable latency or insipient latescenee. 

If a laugh is fair here, not the struggling 
child, nor the unintelligent teacher, — or 
rather the unintelligent Boards, Committees, 
and Trustees, — are the proper target for it. 
All through this little book one detects the 
signs of a certain probable fact — that a large 
part of the pupil's "instruction 77 consists in 
cramming him with obscure and wordy 
"rules 77 which he does not understand and 
has no time to understand. It would be as 
useful to cram him with brickbats ; they would 
at least stay. In a town in the interior of 
New York, a few years ago, a gentleman set 
forth a mathematical problem and proposed 
to give a prize to every public-school pupil 
who should furnish the correct solution of it. 
Twenty-two of the brightest boys in the public 
schools entered the contest. The problem was 
not a very difficult one for pupils of their 
mathematical rank and standing, yet they all 
failed — by a hair — through one trifling mis- 

[xxvi] 



Untrobuction 

take or another. Some searching questions 
were asked, when it turned out that these lads 
were as glib as parrots with the " rules " but 
could not reason out a single rule or explain 
the principle underlying it. Their memories 
had been stocked, but not their understand- 
ings. It was a case of brickbat culture, pure 
and simple. 

There are several curious "compositions" 
in the little book, and we must make room 
for one. It is full of naivet6, brutal truth, 
and unembarrassed directness, and is the fun- 
niest (genuine) boy's composition I think I 
have ever seen : 

ON GIRLS 

Girls are very stuckup and dignefied in their maner 
and behaveyour. They think more of dress than any 
thing and like to play with dowls and rags. They cry 
if they see a cow in afar distance and are afraid of 
guns. They stay at home all the time and go to Church 
every Sunday. They are al-ways sick. They are al-ways 
funy and making fun of boys hands and they say how 
dirty. They cant play marbels. I pity them poor 
things. They make fun of boys and then turn round 
and love them. I dont beleave they ever kiled a cat 
or any thing. They look out every nite and say oh ant 
the moon lovely. Thir is one thing I have not told 
and that is they always now their lessons bettern 
boys. 

[ xxvii ] 



Introduction 

From an article by Mr. Edward Channing 
in " Science": 

The marked difference between the books now being 
produced by French, English, and American travelers, 
on the one hand, and German explorers on the other, 
is too great to escape attention. That difference is 
due entirely to the fact that in school and university 
the German is taught, in the first place to see, and in 
the second place to understand what he does see. 

Marie Twain. 



[ xxviii ] 



j£ngU0b ae ©be is 
Gauabt 



lEnglisb as She is 



i 

ETYMOLOGICAL 

Aboriginal— what was original before. 
Aboriginate— to settle down in a place. 
Aborigines— a system of mountains. 
Alias— a good man in the Bible. 
Alienate— to put together. 

to make a citizen of. 

to make a foreigner. 

to live in another country ex- 
cept your own. 

Amenable— any thing that is mean. 
Ammonia — the food of the gods. 
Animosity— a sudden surprise, 
kindness. 

[3] 



lEnglisf) as ©be 10 Gaugbt 

Animosity— thoughtfullness. 

an emblem or sign, 
great liveliness. 

Aristocracy— to be stuck up. 
Armistice— one who takes part in battle. 
Asphyxia— a grumbling fussy temper. 
Assiduity— state of being an acid. 
Audible— worthy of applause. 
Auriferous— giving light from yourself, 
pertaining to an orifice. 

Beneficence— a state of insanity. 
Burglarize— to make burglars. 

Capillary — a little caterpiller. 

Cassowary— a kind of dromedary. 

Centaur — a three legged animal. 

Conjugate — to all wrinkle up. 

Conservative— a person interested in poli- 
tics who does not like 
Mr. Gladstone. 

Corniferous— rocks in which fossil corn is 
found. 

[4] 



jBngUab as Sbe is Gaugbt 

Crosier— a staff carried by the Deity. 
Culinary— cunning or cute. 



Delineate— to deface. 

to make lean. 
Demagogue— a vessel containing beer 
and other liquids. 

Egregious— the art of learning, 
feeding on flocks, 
a good many sheep to- 
gether. 

Emissary— a foreign missionary. 

Emolument— a softening. 
a structure, 
a great increase, 
a headstone to a grave. 

Epicac— a man who likes a good dinner. 
Equanimity— evenness of time. 

carefullness. 

being equal all round. 

Equestrian— an equal. 

a competetor. 

[5] 



lEnsUsb as ©be is Gaugbt 

Equestrian— one who asks questions, 
one who walks on foot. 

Erudition— act of wiping out. 

state of being erude. 
Espionage— a kind of cabbage. 
Eucharist— one who plays euchre. 
Exhilarate— pertaining to happiness. 

Franchise— any thing belonging to the 

French. 
Freebooter— a man three feet high. 

Idolater— a very idol person. 

Ignition — the art of not noticing. 

Impetuosity— to get into a pet. 

Implacable— not able to be placed. 

Ingratiating— grating up the ear. 

Interloper — one who runs away to get 
married. 

Irrigate— to disturb. 
to turbulate. 
to make fun of. 
to emit sparks. 
[6] 



jengliab as Sbe is XCaugbt 

Irrigate— to contest in law. 
to ask in return, 
to dispense with justice. 

Knickerbocker— something to ring with. 

Matins — something to wear on the feet. 

Medieval— a wicked man who has been 
tempted. 

Mediocrity— the science of the Medes. 

Mendacious — what can be mended. 

Mercenary— relating to money matters. 

one who feels for another. 

hostile to life. 

one living on charity. 

one who suffers. 

pertaining to the eye. 

relating to habits. 

strong, bold, brave. 

one who delivers a message. 

one who sets on fire with 
hostile intent. 

Miscellaneous— all mixed up. 
Munificence— waste. 

[7] 



Englteb ae Sbe is ftaugbt 

Munificence— thanksgiving, 
brightness, 
great wealth, 
a tragedy. 
a beautiful city. 

Non-conformist — a decenter of ancient 

times. 

Ominous— power to be all present, 
power to eat all things. 

Parasite — a sort of bird. 

one who speaks well. 

an example. 

a kind of umbrella. 

the murder of an infant. 

Party-colored — a fine kind of a dress to 

wear to a ball. 
Pennyroyal— relating to money. 
Perennial — every seven years. 
Plagarism— fire worship. 
Plagarist — a writer of plays. 
Prism — a prim precise person. 

[8] ' 



jEnglisb as ©be is Gaugbt 

Publican— a man who does his prayers in 
public. 

Quarternions— a bird with a flat beak 

and no bill living in 
New Zealand. 

the name given to a style 
of art practiced by the 
Phoenicians. 

areligious convention held 
every hundred years. 

Republican —a sinner mentioned in the 
Bible. 

Eeticence— tardyness. 
retirement, 
a review. 

something of the eye. 
great slowness. 

Satiate — to make tasty. 

Sibilant — the state of being idiotic. 

Starveling— a small child who doesunt 
have enough to eat. 

Subtlety— gentley. 

[9] 



. Englteb as Sbe is Gaugbt 

Subtlety— profanity, 
brittleness. 
softness, 
vagueness, 
easily coaxed, 
light and airy, 
is sprightness. 
a settlement, 
great doubtfullness. 
stepping through easily, 
state of being easy broken. 

Technology— according to the text. 

a plagarism nearly obsolete. 

something which teaches 
you to be very tecknical 
in your remarks. 

Tenacious— ten acres of land. 

Vacillating— ticking like a pendulum 
Vermicular— the intestines of a worm. 

A great many people alienate from their 

country to this. 
She is related to him by animosity. 

[10] 



jEttQUsb as ©be is ZTaugbt 

The ring is quite an auriferous article. 

He is a very auspicious boy. 

She dresses very auspicious. 

The belligerent powers receive a salary. 

We call him a charger because he charges 

so much. 
He had a chronic disease— something the 

matter with the chrone. 
Chronology is the science of the brane. 
The coercion of some things is remarkable, 

as bread and molasses. 
We should never commiserate a person 

even if we dislike them. 
Her hat is contiguous because she wears it 

on one side. 
The girl was delineate in her work. 
John said he would delineate the book. 
The washwoman dilated the clothes. 
He was totally dismasted with the whole 

performance. 
The officer is to be tried for dissertation 

of his office. 
The place was left in a state of disserta- 
tion. 
He dominated or ruled the paper. 

[11] 



Englisb as Sbe is ftaugbt 

He is a great duplicate because so very 

deceitful. 
The men marched out in an egregious 

procession. 
He preached to an egregious congrega- 
tion. 
The captain eliminated a bullet through 

the man's heart. 
He gave a correct elimination of the word. 
He stood on a high emissary. 
There was a small emolument of water in 

the vessel. 
He was exhilarated to a better place. 
"We should endeavor to avoid extremes — 

like those of wasps and bees. 
You should fascinate the vine to the wall. 
I have a gauzy hen at home. 
He treated her with ignition because he 

did not notice her. 
The marriage was illegible 
They tried to imbecile the animal. 
The leopard is watching his sheep. 
I liquidate you from all blame. 
John liquidated his bread with milk. 
The strawberry crop was magnanimous. 

[12] 



jEnQlisb as Sbe is ftaugbt 

The magnanimous of Milton was wonder- 
ful. 

He was a member of the mediocrity. 

He has a very mental intellect. 

The child gave a mercenary account of 
the accident. 

She has just returned from the mercenary. 

This examination makes me feel very 
nauceous 

The stomach contains nausea. 

Her fright was palliateable because it 
made her pale. 

The doctrine that like can be cured by 
like is called panacea. 

You will see how pecuniary he is when 
I tell you he is going to marry for 
money. 

The family is placed under pecuniary cir- 
cumstances. 

He was pecuniary or tight in his money 
matters. 

My perennial tuition is due to-day. 

The earth perennially revolves round the 
sun. 

He enjoys riding on & philosopher. 

[13] 



Englteb as Sbe is Gaugbt 

You should take caution and be precarious. 
The propensity of this room is very small. 
She was very quick at repertoire. 
A great many persons are quite resonant. 
The naughty boy resources his mother. 
People become full of retisense when they 

are silent. 
Minerals crystallize in rhododendrons. 
You need not try to satiate my pathway. 
She seceded the velvet to her dress. 
The serfdom at Cony Island is very high. 
The men employed by the G-as Company 

go round and speculate the meter. 
He prayed for the waters to subsidize. 
The birds subsidize in the summer for the 

most part on fruits. 
The supercilious girl acted with vicissitude 

when the perennial time came. 
He is a very tacit scholar because he is 

easily taught. 
We ought to temporize our health. 
He temporized the zinc nicely. 
The tenacious girl was good in church. 
Herod was called a tetrarch because he 

was so fond of tea. 
[14] 



jEnglteb as Sbe is ftaugbt 

There are a good many donkeys in theo- 
logical gardens. 

Some of the best fossils are found in theo- 
logical cabinets. 

The telescope is very transparent because 
you can see through it. 

They had a strawberry vestibule. 

He landed safe on vice versa. 

The earth makes a vicissitude around the 
sun once a year. 

Zoology is interesting to those who like 
the study of words. 



115] 



II 

GRAMMATICAL 

Capitals begin every line of Deity. 
Capital letters begin at breviation. 
At the beginning of every capital letters 

should be used. 
Capital is used at beginning of parigraf. 
An interrogatt sentense must Begin with 

a Capitel Letter. 
A deceletive sentense ends with a perod. 

An intorogative one ends with an in- 

torogation point. 
Every sentence and name of God must 

begin with a caterpillar. 
When you speak of yourself you should 

begin it with a capital letter. 
When they are going to say some prose 

or poetry before they say the poetry 

or prose they must put a semicolon 

just after the introduction of the 

prose or poetry. 

[16] 



jEnglteb as Sbe ie XTaugbt 

A quotion is sometliiiig spoken by people. 

A quotation is asking a question. 

An Exclamation Point is what causes 
supprise. 

Brackets set things off so they wont have 
anything to do with the sentence. 

Grammer is how to talk good. 

Grammar gives us the languish. 

We study Grammer to get the senses. 

Grammer is to tell us the parts of speeth. 

A common noun is small things. 

A proper noun is peoples names. 

A pronoun is a word when we cant get a 
noun. 

A pronoun is a word which is just as good 
as a noun. 

The two kinds of Pronouns is I and O. 

The plural is formed by turning book 
into books. 

Person in Grammer tells us whether he 
is a man or a woman. It is always 
an animal or something that isent 
alive. 

Gender is the distinguishing nouns with- 
out regard to sex. 
[17] 



jgnglteb as Sbe is XTaugbt 

A verb is something to eat. 

An intransitiv verb expresses an act not 
done to another as James did not 
strike John. 

The Moods in English Gram, are the In- 
dicative, Potential, Snbjngated, and 
Infinitif. 

The optative mood is a mood in a verb 
when any body knows yon have done 
any thing. 

The sign if shows the potative mood. 

Adverbs should always be used as adjec- 
tives and adjectives as adverbs. 

The horses run fasily. This is an ad- 
verb. 

The comparative degree expresses that 
one thing is np higher than another 
and the Supulative is the highest of 
all. 

A dependent sentence is one that hangs 
from its clause. 

All sentences are either simple or con- 
found. 

To conjugate a sentence is to tell all the 
things that it means. 
[18] 



lEngUsI) as Sbe 10 ftaugbt 

The word governed by another word is 

called its regiment. 
Rhythm is a horse trotting on a road. 
Ehyme makes two words sound jnst alike. 
A figure means something different from 

what it says. 
Can in poetry is sometimes used for cant. 
Prose tells things that are true right along 

just as they are and poetry makes it 

up as you go along. 



[19] 



Ill 

MATHEMATICAL 

Arithmetic is the signs of numbers. 

A factor is a number which divided by 
another number equals the number 
of parts. 

A Prim Facktor is a Factor that stands 
for a Facter. 

The sins of Division are a short horizon- 
tail line between two doits and a 
curve line between the Deviser and 
Divident. 

The sines of Division will be like the quo- 
cient. 

Multiplication is the process of takeing 
one or more many times to multiply 
the produck if the work is write. 

A common fraction is made up of two 
parts with a separation between them. 
[20] 



Englisft as Sbe is Gaugbt 

A vulgar fraction has one fraction over 

the line and the other nnder it. 
The Denomator is the bottom of the 

fraction. The Numerator tells how 

many there are in it. 
A Decimal Fraction is one with a point. 
A straight line is any distance between 

two places. 
Parallel lines are lines that can never 

meet until they run together. 
A Horace uncle line is a line that isn't 

crooked. 
A circle is a round straight line with a 

hole in the middle. 
A hexameter is inscribed in a circle. 
A f oursided figure is a trapezium which 

is the general name for a kite. 
A parallelogram has all its sides parallel. 
The base of a triangle is the sum of its 

two sides. 
Things which are equal to each other are 

equal to anything else. 
To find the number of square feet in a room 

you multiply the room by the number 

of the feet. The product is the result. 
[21] 



IV 
GKEOGBAPHICAL 

(American) 

The three natural divisions of America 

are Europe, Ashea and Africa. 
North America is separated by Spain. 
The countries of North America are 

Britschish, Washington, Canada Nina 

and Mexica. 
America is divided into the Passim c 

slope and the Mississippi valey. 
America consists from north to south 

about 500 miles. 
Amireca is in the torade zone. 
The climit of America is very worm. 
The climate of America is modrant— 

modern in the middle. 
The principle mountains of America are 

the Alagany and on the cost range 

on the eastern part all. 
[22] 



j£ngli6b as Sbe is ftaugbt 

The Rocking Mountains are the graitest 
in America. 

The great Lakes of America is cham- 
pagne. 

The great lakes of America are Siperior, 
Ontarria and Hurryon, Michigan. 

The principal mts. of America are lamb 
beaf veal. 

The rivers of America are ohio Artie an 
drandartic. 

The United States is quite a small coun- 
try compared with some other coun- 
try s, but is about as industrious. 

The capital of the United States is Long 
Island. 

One of the leading industries of the 
United States is mollasses book- 
covers numbers gas teaching lumber 
manufactures paper-making pub- 
lishers coal. 

The chief products of the United States 
is troupil freuts an tobacto. The 
climit has 2 sesons a rainey and a dry. 

The names of states on the Grulf of Mexico 
is United States. 
[23] 



jEnsIteb as ©be 10 XTauQftt 

The five seaports of the XL S. are New- 

funlan and Sanfrancisco. 
The principal seaports is cotton wool 

shoes. 
The principal cities of the United States 

are Bath Lynn Lowell Lawrence. 
The principal products of the U. S. is 

earthquakes and volcanoes. 
The manufactured products of the United 

States is fish and agriculture and 

imports. 
The principle products of New England 

are dairying shipbuilding wine coffee 

tropic fruets and cloathes. 
The exports of New England are lumber- 
ing fishing ice cutting wood chop- 
ping. 
The prinicpal sports of New England are 

cotten tobaco ice. 
The principal occupation of New England 

is shipping goods. 
Mineing is mostely carried on in new 

Englyn. 
The climit of New English is hot worm 

and coal. 

[24] 



jEnaliab as ©be is ^augbt 

The coaste city's of New England are 
New Haven and Seaport. 

The coast cities of New England are 
Boston. 

The Vermont state is south west of 
Mass. 

The New London State is near the 
Meremack Biver. 

The principal mountain range in England 
is Kartardin. 

Providence is the leading commercial 
city of New England situated on the 
Southern part of the cost of Maine. 

New York is bounded by Montreal. 

The capital of New York is New Ham- 
shire. Its principle cities are Port- 
land an Susquehana. 

Philadelphia is the capitol of New York 
and it is in the south West Part. 

Washenton is in the Northron part of 
New York. 

New York was once called the Emperor 
state because it once had a Emperor. 

Aduculung and Mineing is the chief in- 
dustry of New York State. 
[25] 



jenQlteb as Sbe is Caugbt 

The Eocky Mountains are on the western 

side of Philadelphia. 
The Booking Mountain is east of Mass. 

Algany east of Eocky Sirranevada 

east of Algany. 
The Alaginnies are mountains in Phila- 

delfia. 
The Arondack Mountains are north of 

Canada. 
The White Mountains are in England. 
The Yosemity Valley is the highest 

mountain in the world. 
The Mississippi Eiver runs soulth and 

empies into Mexico. 
Mason and Dixon's line is the Equater. 
Cape Hatteras is a vast body of water 

surrounded by land and flowing into 

the G-ulf of Mexico. 
Canada is south of New York. 
The City of Canada is Columbia in the 

westarn part of Columbia. 
Two cities in Canada are andruscogin 

and kenibek. 
The rapids of St. Lorence is caused by 

the canoes of the Indianes. 
[26] 



iBngHsb as ©be is ftaugbt 

Stock rason is the occupation of Canada. 

British America is overturned by queen 
Victorier. 

Alasca is governed by the Britished 
America. 

The productions of Central America is 
fish. 

Yancoover is the North "West United 
States. 

Cuba and Newfoundland is Southeast of 
America. 

The climate of Mexico is very barren 
being hot or cold. 

California is the capitol of San Francisco. 

The occupation of Greenland is speering 
the seel. 

The oppacation of the Greenland whisky 
lemon bannanars. 

The occupation of the people of Green- 
land seals and the people of Cali- 
fornia gathrin gold. 

The people of Greenland people do seal 
fishing and whailing of Alaska peo- 
ple are gathring furs of the Indies 
people fishing and shouting. 
[27] 



jEnglteb as Sbe is ftaugbt 



{European) 

Charlemagne and Pepin were countries 

of Austria. 
In Austria the principal occupation is 

gathring Austrich feathers. 
France is parallel to America on a line 

running east and west. 
The Bay of Biscuit is on the coast of 

France. 
The principal industries of Germany are 

manufacturing, agriculture, and the 

cultivation of the intellect. 
Germany has very little clubbable land. 
Russia in the time of Peter the Great 

was a very cold country and its in- 
habitants lived in Siberia. 
Eussia is very cold and tyrannical. Boany 

Airs is in Eussia. 
St. Petersburg is in the Gulf of Finland. 
The Baltic Sea is between Sweden and 

Norway. 
Portugal is separated from Spain by the 

Mediteranian Sea. 
[28] 



jEnglteb as ©be is Gaugbt 

Sicily is one of the Sanwich Islands. 

Constantinople is called the queen of the 
Adriattic. 

The Persian Gulf is the eastern part of 
Persia. 

The Great Desert of Sarah was formerly 
discovered in Africa. 

The two most famous volcanoes of Eu- 
rope are Sodom and Gomorrah. v 

Terra del Fuego means Land of the 
Furies. 

The Straits of Magellan separates North 
and South America. 

Hindoostan flows through the Ganges and 
empties into the Mediterranean Sea. 

No northwest passage has ever been dis- 
covered around the Cape of Good 
Hope. 

One of the chief exports of England is 
live meat which grows in great 
quantities. 

Ireland is called the Emigrant Isle be- 
cause it is so beautiful and green. 

Gibraltar is an island built on a rock. 
It has 15 000 inhabitants. 
[29] 



jEnQlisb as ©be is ftaugbt 

The Straight of Mabel Manden seperates 
the Eock of Gribralter from the ocean. 

The width of the different zones Europe 
lies in depend upon the surrounding 
country. 

The north tempered zone is the best one. 

The frigide zone is the most hottest. 

Latitude is a thing by which we can tell 
where a country is on the globe, like 
Africa. 

Latitude are supposed lines which pass 
horizontally around the globe and 
longitude are supposed lines which 
pass perpendicularly in the same 
way from one circle to another. 

The imports of a country are the things 
that are paid for. The exports are 
the things that are not. 

Pine apples grow on pine trees. 

Climate lasts all the time and weather 
only a few days. 



[30] 



V 
OBIGINAL 

A Letter 

I was in Cony island. I was in the 
musinrn. I saw a bear. I saw a gypsy. 
I saw a niger man. 

We go fishing every mourning. We 
get a big basket full and do other lots of 
refreshing things. 

I expect to go to the country this sum- 
mer with my mothers and farthers. 

I have had a lovely time the last three 
weaks. I chop wood and bild fires and 
go errents and have got two fire crackers 
saved up for the forth of July. 

I write a few lines to letter you know 
I am a getin on. I went to a excurseon 
yesterday and I went in barefoot and 
gethered shels. 

[31] 



jEnglisb as Sbe is Gaugbt 

A Bird Story 

The little spring has built her nest 
in the oke tree. Every mourning the 
mother bird gets up early to find food 
for her nesterling sense the April came. 
One day it rained and the little burds sat 
and looked at the rain as it flowed be- 
neath their feet. 



About the Birds 

The little birds are in there houses and 
rain began to power and when the rain 
began to stop the little flyed out and the 
little birds sat up a tree of a bransh and 
then they churp and some birds come to 
have a nice time when the grass is green 
as green pante. 

On Man 

Man is an animal that stands up. He 
is not very big and he has to work for a 
living. 

[32] 



)6ngH0l) as Sbe is ftaugbt 

On Fashion 

Sensible people wear sensible fashions 
and insensible people insensible fashions. 

A Rainy Afternoon 

It rained hard so I could not go ow- 
doors, so I went out in the shed and sod 
some wood. 

On the Cow 

The cow she eats the grass. Wen she 
eats enought she will lie down in the 
shade. She is generally chewing. This 
chewing is called cud. The sheep has no 
upper Teeth. It there for belongs to the 
Cow's Family. The cry of a cow is called 
Low. Her youn of a Cow is called a 
calf. The Cow gives us milk. Butter and 
cheese are made out of bread. The flesh 
of the Cow is called beef and the Calf veil. 
We make from their skin shoes. The 
name of the Cow is called Soldt lether. 
The name of the calf is called calf-skin. 
3 [33] 



jEnglieb as Sbe is GauQbt 

On Laughter 

Laughter is something I know every- 
body can do. Some people laugh until 
the tears come from their eyes and then 
they have a crying spell and then when 
that is over they have a laughing spell. 
When people cry it will make them look 
very peculiar so most of people very sel- 
dom cry. It is the laughing they gener- 
ally do. 

On Occupation 

I think if I should become a shoe 
manufacturer I should succeed as it is a 
very profitable occupation and shoes are 
necessary to all classes and consequently 
a large trade is a general thing. 

On Umbrellas 

The matereal at the top of an umbrella 
is placed on a skeleton of whales which 
meet all together in one place. They do 
be covered with silk, alpaca and Satan. 

[34] 



jEnglteb as Sbe is Gaugbt 

On Indians 

Indians go out naked in the summer 
an they take ahold of their scalp locks 
and cut off the other side of their heads. 
They wear it on their sides. Indians 
food consists of corn and food. They 
use smoking instead of tanning. They 
paint their skind in the color of animals. 

George Washington 

George Washington was the first presi- 
dent of the United States born in Vir- 
ginia in the year. When G-eorge was a 
little boy he would never tell a lie. Be- 
cause he thought it was not nice. It tis 
not nice nether. He studied all kinds of 
things to be a president. 

Abraham Lincoln 

Abraham Lincoln was born in Wales 
in 1599. His father was a wool- comer, 
but Abraham did not like that trade. 

[35] 



]£ngli0b as Sbe is Zm\Qht 

One day Abraham was standing on the 
railroad and a man by the name of Gui- 
tue came behind and shot him. Then he 
got put in jail for it. But it was not 
nice of him because he shot him on the 
railroad. 

On Beading 

Eeading makes us intelligent; and 
learn about things we would otherwise 
hear nothing. 

It is pleasant to recapitulate stories to 
persons who probably have not had the 
opportunity of reading them and it there- 
fore passes many a dreary hour away and 
makes many a person renew his happi- 
ness by hoping for such a favorable end 
as some characters as are described in 
the book. 



# 



If we did not have the capacity of read- 
ing we might wait all our lives and never 
secure the desired information, but if in- 
stead of waiting for some one to tell us 
we take the book or paper or whatever it 

[36] 



jenglieb as ©be ie ftaugbt 

might happen to be and read it for our- 
selves we will be much better satisfied 
and also have the consolation of knowing 
we discovered it for ourselves and did not 
have to wait for other people to come and 
furnish us with the desired information. 

# 

In reading there is a large amount of 
knowledge attained for it enlarged the 
mind while reading and continues until 
we pass away. 

When we read we come across words 
that when we hear them spoken of we 
are entirely ignorant of them. 

# 

The untutored mind is often surpris- 
ingly expanded in reading for only a 
short while a little every day. Then 
when we hear certain subjects spoken of 
we do not wonder what it all means. 

Eeading the talents of others helps us 
to compose something that may help us 

[37] 



j£ngli6b as Sbe is Gaugbt 

in future life. Without reading we should 
not know any thing about our forefathers 
or how we came to be civilized. What 
would we know about religion if we did 
not read our Bible and find out how 
religion originated ! 

On Girls 

Girls are very stuckup and dignefied in 
their maner and behaveyour. They think 
more of dress than any thing and like to 
play with dowls and rags. They cry if 
they see a cow in afar distance and are 
afraid of guns. They stay at home all 
the time and go to Church every Sunday. 
They are al-ways sick. They are al-ways 
funy and making fun of boys hands and 
they say how dirty. They cant play 
marbels. I pity them poor things. They 
make fun of boys and then turn round 
and love them. I dont beleave they ever 
kiled a cat or any thing. They look out 
every nite and say oh ant the moon 
lovely. Thir is one thing I have not told 

[38] 



Englisb as Sbe is ZnuQht 

and that is they always now their lessons 
bettern boys. 



On Timidity of Women 

Timidity is a disease very prevelent 
among our American women. It is 
thought by them to be an ornament to 
their charms. 

How many young women faint by the 
sudden appearance of a rat from its hide- 
ing place. Oh ! they do declare it's im- 
possible to live where these dreadful 
creatures make their homes they ask 
Ma cant she and wont she please to try 
to secure some remedy so they can be 
destroyed. You will see the young ladies 
leap up over stones and steps of great 
height so as to escape the barks of the 
dog, if they are walking with a friend of 
the male kind they will cling to the mas- 
culine arm and beseach him to walk so 
that she might loose sight of that horri- 
ble creature known as a dog. 

I do think their cases of timidity that 
[39] 



I6ngii0b aa ©be is £augbt 

cannot be governed such as cases of in- 
temperance fighting and death. We dont 
want to see any man come along the 
street destitute of reasoning and come 
reeling suddenly by you. Also the ex- 
pectation of death when we see a loved 
sister going away from a cherished circle. 
It cannot be endured, but I have no ob- 
jections for these cases but the preceding 
ones are ridiculous and I beseach you to 
reject it remembering you shall have to 
undergo greater trials than those related. 

On Poverty 

How many persons possess it ! They 
are persons whose poverty cannot be en- 
dured they had enjoyed preceding years 
in wealth and by some mishap in the 
family they became poor and how can 
they endeavor to forget that time when 
their happiness could not be expressed but 
now their troubles shall be discovered. 

Poverty is a case that cannot be hidden 
it must be let known so that the pos- 

[40] 



jEnQlieb as ©be is ftaugbt 

sessors may obtain condolence in some 
way. Places for poor persons are not of 
much importance for the care of them is 
not worth mentioning. 

Some poor persons with a great deal of 
poverty would rather walk from house to 
house in search of some nourishment than 
inhabit those institutions but what a num- 
ber of times they are driven from the door 
with the contemptuousness of the rich 
how many slang words are said to them. 

If our comfortable friends should re- 
member those persons casting away food 
raiment and apparel they would be less 
cases of poverty and when sickness over- 
takes such persons lend a helping hand 
their consciences would less smite them. 

On Politeness 

Politeness is to say and do the kindest 
way. I think it is easier for girls to be 
polite than for boys, but I am not sure as 
I have never been a girl. Politeness is 
used in all parts of the United States. 

[41] 



j£ngli0b as ©be 10 Gaugbt 

On the Play of Hamlet 

Hamlet was a young man very nervous. 
He was always dressed in black because 
his uncle had killed his father by shoot- 
ing him in his ear. He could not go to 
the theatre because his father was dead 
so he had the actors come to his house 
and play in the front parlor and he 
learned them to say the words because he 
thought he knew best how to say them. 
And then he thought he'd kill the king 
but he didn't. Hamlet liked Ophelia. 
He thought she was a very nice girl but 
he didn't marry her because she was go- 
ing to be a nunnery. Hamlet went to 
England but he did not like it very much 
so he came home. Then he jumped into 
Ophelia's grave and fought a duel with 
her brother. Then he died. 



# 



Hamlet was exceedingly sensitiveness. 
He denunciated his mother because she 
entered the matrimonial condition and 

[42] 



finglieb as Qhc is ZTaugbt 

showed her two photographs which he 
said one was Hesperus and one a satire. 
He made her experience great regret. 
He was engaged to Orphelia but had to 
neglect her as he was obliged to give his 
attentions to revenging his father's death. 
His uncle was the murderer of his father, 
Hamlet's father. He had a very mourn- 
ful existence and was a great philosopher. 



[43] 



VI 
ANALYTICAL 

" A balance of power "—making the poker 

stand np straight in your hand. 
" Weeping birch "—the kind of stick that 

makes you weep. 
"Eating cares "—troubles because you 

are tired of eating. 
" Spoiler's hand "—your father's hand 

because he spoils you. 
" The balm of childhood " —what makes 

children stop there crying. 
"He issued a papal bull"— the news 

written on the board outside the 

office. 
" I would that my tongue could utter "— 

means its to much trouble to write 

out his ideas. 

[44] 



jenglisb as ©be is ftaugbt 

Tell me not in monrnfnl numbers, 
" Life is but an empty dream ! " 

For the soul is dead that slumbers, 
And things are not what they seem. 
Psalm of Life. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 

The way we pass a lifetime is to us but 
as if we were asleep and we do not re- 
member all that happens but the happy- 
moments. When we are dead then we 
see what we have done in a different way. 

Don't say life is only an empty dream. 
If our souls stop living and go to sleep 
it cannot be so for we would die. The 
last thing we are to attain to I think is 
the grave. 






Your the same as dead when your 
asleep and things that are making you 
pleasant now will one day make you sorry. 






Do not tell me that life is a dream, be- 
cause when I sleep things will not be like 
I think they are. 

[45] 



jenglteb as Sbe te GauQbt 

This means that you know without be- 
ing told in rymes, that life and soul shall 
die away and be nothing. 






Don't tell me in sorrowful verses life is 
only an illusion, the soul is wicked that 
slumbers, and things are very deceitful. 



The heights by great men reached and kept 
Were not attained by sudden flight ; 

But they while their companions slept 
Were toiling upwards in the night. 
The Ladder of St. Augustine. H. W. Longfellow. 

Great men have not made nights very 
suddenly. They have slept with their 
companions while they were toiling to 
keep the heights they had attained. 

The heights that great men have kept 
out of reach were not attained by means 
of sudden flight. "While their compan- 

[46] 



iSnQlisb aa ©be is ZTaugbt 

ions were sleeping they were np at all 
hours of the toiling night. 



In the lexicon of Youth, which fate reserves for 
a bright manhood, there's no such word as Fail. 
Richelieu. Edward Bulwer Lytton. 

In the early days of youth which des- 
tiny waits for a better chance, there is no 
such word as fail. 

# # 

The lexicon of youth which is fated 
for a bright manhood, should never fail. 

* 

The sentence means, in the beginning 
of youth the fate that is kept for a bright 
manhood must not be a failure. 

There was no such word as fail when 
I was a boy, but now I am a man. 

# 

If you study while you are young your 
knowledge will be preserved and you can 

not fail. 

[47] 



jenQlisI) as Sbe 10 ZTaugbt 

The word fail never appears in the 
natural teachings of youth and is kept 
for bright manhood. 

# 
* # 

In a youth's translation which is kept 
back until a riper age, there is no such 
word which says fail. 



# 



The youth who is in his lexicon and 
about to spring into a bright manhood, 
the word fail he knows not. 



# 
# # 



To fail is impossible for youth in the 
lexicon which is reserved for it. 



Alone, but with unbated zeal, 
The horseman plied with scourge and steel ; 
For jaded now and spent with toil, 
Embossed with foam and dark with soil, 
While every gasp with sobs he drew, 
The laboring stag strained full in view. 
The Lady of the Lake. Sir Walter Scott. 

The man who rode on the horse per- 
formed the whip and an instrument made 

[48] 



iBnglteb as ©be is ftaugbt 

of steel alone with strong ardor not di- 
minishing, for, being tired from the time 
passed with hard labor overworked with 
anger and ignorant with weariness, while 
every breath for labor he drew with cries 
full of sorrow, the young deer made im- 
perfect who worked hard filtered in sight. 



To him who in the love of nature holds 
Communion with her visible forms, she speaks 
A various language. For his gayer hours 
She has a smile and eloquence of beauty, 
And she steals into his darker musings 
With a mild and gentle sympathy that steals 
Away their sharpness ere he is aware. 

Thanatopsis. Wm. Cullen Bryant. 

The man who loves his nature he holds 
connections with his form, in a visible 
manner; he speaks a different language 
for his lively hours. Nature has a glad 
voice and smile and beauty. He goes 
into his darker musings with a mild and 
healing sympathy and not with a sorrow- 
ful feeling that steals away their sharp- 
ness before he is aware of it. 
* [49] 



jgnglisb ae Sbe is ZTaugbt 

To him she speaks the love of nature 
and of various languages, and she smiles 
with healing sympathy and steals away 
his gayer hours and eloquence of beauty 
that steals away their sharpness before 
he knows of it. 



Two angels guide 
The path, of man, both aged and yet young, 
As angels are, ripening through endless years. 
On one he leans : some call her Memory, 
And some, Tradition ; and her voice is sweet 
With deep mysterious accords : the other, 
Floating above, holds down a lamp which streams 
A light divine and searching on the earth, 
Compelling eyes and footsteps. Memory yields, 
Yet clings with loving cheek, and shines anew 
Reflecting all the rays of that bright lamp 
Our angel Reason holds. We had not walked 
But for Tradition j we walk evermore 
To higher paths, by brightening Reason's lamp. 
The Spanish Gypsy. George Eliot. 

Was it not for Tradition we would not 
travel this far. "We are still walking to 
brighter steps by shining our brains. 
What little intellect we have, if it was 
well shined, it might do a great deal. 

[50] 



j£nglteb as Sbe is Gaugbt 

Man is guided by two spirits, evil and 
good, and if the evil spirit (before he was 
a good one) had been a good one, man 
would not have been created. 

# 

Man's path guides two angels. One is 
old and one is young. Ones names Mem- 
ory and one is Tradition. One floats 
round and hunts for things on the earth. 
Memory clings to the cheek and shines 
the lamp that Eeason holds. Tradition 
helps us to walk and we brighten up 
Eeason's lamp. 



# 
# # 



Two great Powers or Forces guide 
men and women in this world whether 
they be young. or old, and these powers 
are still growing through numbers of 
years. 



# 



"We lean on Mearcy and Tradition. But 
whatere it may be, the sound is sweet 
with vast mysterious accords. Then 

[51] 



lEnQHsb ae ©be is Gaugbt 

Power or Mearcy glares above us, and 

there looks down upon us with extreme 

splendor. 

# 

Memory still shines reflecting that light 
our senses tell us of, or that is within 
our brains, if we have any. And I sup- 
pose we are all gifted with a little. 



# 



Had an angel never committed sin, we 
never would have been created and 
guarded by a heavenly spirit. 



[52] 



VII 
HISTORICAL 

(American) 

Christopher Columbus went to sea un- 
till he was 14 years of age. He dreamed 
there was a place named America and after 
much adversity he finally discovered it. 

Christopher Columbus was called the 
Father of his Country. 

Queen Isabella of Spain sold her watch 
and chain and other millinery so that 
Columbus could discover America. 

Columbus set sale in three small ships 
called Nina, Pinter and Santa Anna. 

The first land Columbus discovered was 
Gibraltar. 

Columbus was the first white man who 
discovered America. 

[53] 



English as ©be is Gaugbt 

Columbus knew the earth was round 
because he balanced an egg on the table. 

Columbus perished in sight of land. 

The West Indians was the first discov- 
ered by Christies Columbies. 

The west Indaines was discovered in 
1692 by Chrissor Columbius. 

The Crusaders were the first to settle 
America. 

The American colonies were settled by 
Dutch navegators who founded them. 

The first English settlements were made 
in the Gulf of Mexico. 

Slaves were introduced to this country 
by Spain and Portugese people. 

Kink Louis decleared ware against 
Kink William who commanded the Eng- 
lish Eources. A party of French and In- 
dains came to Sketiney and the Indains 
tomahorks was frozen. It was a very 
bobloody war. For Fourty years the 
war was but it did not last longe. The 
war ended in 1776 because Kink Phillip 
discovered the dead. It was called his war 
because he was the cheaf mouver of it. 

[54] 



lEnglteb as ©be i6 Gaugbt 

Virginia was named from Queen Vir- 
gin who was called Elizabeth. 

The Indians were the first Americans 
and they settled over a vast expanse of 
the county. 

Salem witch craft was a son of Massa- 
soit. 

The Indian wars were very desecrating 
to the country. 

The Indians pursued their warfare by 
hiding in bushes and then scalping them. 

Captain John Smith has been styled 
the father of his country. His life was 
saved by his daughter Pochahantas. 

The Puritans found an insane asylum 
in the wilds of America. 

They were called Puritans because they 
were more quiet than the Episcopalians. 

Miles Standish discovered Plymouth 
and it was named in his honor. 

Roger Williams called the settlement 
Rhode Island in honor of God's merciful 
Providence shown to him. 

William Penn was born in Boston in 
1607. He was the first white man who 

[55] 



lEnQlteb as Sbe is ZzuqM 

founded Pennsylvania. He founded 
Pennsylvania because his name was 
William Penn. 

William Penn discovered Philadelphia 
and laid out its streets. 

The Stamp Act was to make everybody 
stamp all materials so they should be 
null and void. 

Benedict Arnold was greatly regretted 
by the Americans as well as by the English. 

Benjamin Franklin is the finest Ex- 
ample of a selfmad man that American 
History affords. He commenced life as a 
tallow chandelier boy and step by step 
became a Great G-enius. 

George Washington was born in 1492. 

At White Plains Gen. Washington 
murdered several hundred men. 

Gen. Washington is famous for the 
Washington Monument. 

Washington wrote the Declareation of 
Independence in 1492. 

George Washington inherited consump- 
tion in the army. 

Washington died in Spain almost 
[56] 



lEnglteb as Sbe is ftauQbt 

broken-hearted. His remains were taken 
to the cathedral in Havanna. 

The Mexican war was the war of Texas 
with the United States. 

Gen. Scott fought bravely at the battle 
of Wingfield. 

When the Wig party was in power 
there was striks all over the laborers. 

Slavery was caused by the admission 
of Missouri into the Union. 

The Missouri Compromise compelled 
slaves to enter all the different states 
and territories. 

Gorilla warfare was war where men 
rode on gorillas. 

The Border Ruffians were founded to 
prevent all emigrants into Kansas and 
they sacrificed considerable lives. 

John Brown was a very good insane 
man who tried to get slaves into Virginia. 
He captured all the inhabitants, but was 
finally conquered and condemned to his 
death. 

The confederasy was formed by the 
fugitive slaves. 

[57] 



jEngliab as Sbe is Gaugbt 

(English) 

England was named by the Angels. 

The Celts were driven out of England 
into "Whales. 

Julius Caesar invaded England 400 
years B. C. The English condition was 
in a rude state. They joined in games 
such as cock fighting. 

The Brittains were the Saxons who 
entered England in 1492 under Julius 
Caesar. 

The Britains came from Brittany. 
They were a brave and warlike people 
and lived by fishing and manufactures. 

The Britains conquered Julius Caesar 
and drove him ignominiously from his 
dominions. 

The Britons founded the Druids. They 
ust to hold religious services out of doors. 

The Druids were supposed to be Ro- 
man Catholicks. 

The Crusaders were fanatics who 
fought in tournaments. 

The Habeas Corpus Act said that a 
[58] 



jEnglieb as ©be is Gaugbt 

body whether alive or dead could be pro- 
duced in court. 

Alfred the Great reigned 872 years. 
He was distinguished for letting some 
buckwheat cakes burn and the lady 
scolded him. 

Eufus was named William on account 
of his red hair. He established the cur- 
few fire bell. 

William the Conqueror was the first 
of the Mormons. 

Edward the black Prince was famous 
for founding chivalry. 

Chivalry is a fight on horseback be- 
tween two horsemen in an open plain. 

A night errant is a man who goes 
around in the night in search of adven- 
tures. 

The Middle Ages come in between an- 
tiquity and posterity. 

The War of the Eoses was between the 
white and the red. 

Henry Eight was famous for being a 
great widower having lost several wives. 

Lady Jane Grey studied Greek and 
[59] 



j£nglt6b as ©be le ZnuQht 

Latin and was beheaded after a few 
days. 

Qneen Mary married the Dolphin. 

Elizabeth was called the Virgin queen 
because of her many accomplishments 
and she had a great many fine dresses. 

The unfortunate Charles First was ex- 
ecuted and after he was beheaded he held 
it up exclaiming Behold the head of a 
trater ! 

Cromwell was only a parallel with Bo- 
naparte. 

Queen Victoria was the 4th son of 
George Third the Duke of Kent. 

John Bright is noted for an incurable 
disease. 

Lord James Gordon Bennett instigated 
the Gordon Eiots. 

(French) 

Joan of Arc lived in New Orleans where 
she was discovered and burned by the 
British. 

Cardinal Richelieu was one of the most 
[60] 



jBnQiisb as Sbe is ftaugbt 

famous soldiers of France. He was cut 
down on St. Bartholomew's Day. 

St. Bartholomew was massacred in 
1492. 

The French Eevolntion was quite rapid. 
It made some changes in the government 
and many persons were slain. 

Bonaparte gave away many thrones to 
his brothers and sisters. 

Louis Napoleon besieged all Paris who 
elected him emperor. 

By the Salic laws no woman or descen- 
dant of a woman could occupy the throne. 

Luther introduced Christianity into 
England a good many thousand years 
ago. His birthday was November 1883. 
He was once a Pope. He lived at the 
time of the Rebellion of Worms. 

(Roman) 

The history of Rome is wrapped in 
antiquity. 

The Gauls were a very brave people of 
the Tapean Rock. 

[61] 



jgitQlteb aa Sbe is Gaugbt 

Carthage was founded by Dido nearly- 
one hundred years ago. 

Hannibal at the early age of six years 
was raised to the command of the army. 

Spartacus fought a war of several years 
against the Romans. 

Cataline was defeated and slain by his 
entire army. 

Pompey gave the Romans a splendid 
campaign. 

Trajan was persecuted by the Chris- 
tians. 

The seven hills of Eome were the Capi- 
toline, Palitine, Alpine, and I cannot re- 
member those I have not written down. 

The Colliseum was erected on the top 
of an inaccessible hill somewhere about 
the time of Nero. When it was burning 
down he played a tune on his violin. 

In his military character Julius Caasar 
probably never surpassed any other hero. 

Cesar succeeded in wresting the crown 
from Mark Anthony. 

Julius Caesar was quite a military man 
on the whole. 

[62] 



jEnglisb as ©be is ftaugbt 

Julius Caesar is noted for his famous 
telegram despatch I came I saw I con- 
quered. 

When Julius Caesar crossed the Hellis- 
pont it was the turning point in his 
carear. 

The Crusaders were conquered by- 
Julius Caesar. 

Julius Caesar was really a very great 
man. He was a very great soldier and 
wrote a book for beginners in the Latin. 

Cleopatra was caused by the death of 
an asp which she dissolved in a wine cup. 

The reign of Augustus took place in 
the Christian era. He caused it to be in- 
troduced into the kingdom. 

The emperor Vespasian destroyed his 
son Titus after a tremendous siege of six 
months. 

Domitian was so cruel that he was 
noted for his killing flies. 

The Roman priests were chosen by the 
gods and some by a special diety. 

The toga was a robe that flowed over 
the body very neat and graceful. 

[63] 



jEnQlisb as Sfre is ftauobt 

The Forum transacted the principal 
business of Eome. 

The Gordian knot was a very hard 
knot which Nero tied and by it he kept 
the Roman empire in subjection. 

When a Gladiator was killed he held 
up his finger and if the spectators wanted 
him to live they held up their thumbs. 

(Grecian) 

Greece is a country noted for its hand- 
some people. They are all sculptures. 

Greece is divided into periods. . 

The only form of government in Greece 
was a limited monkey. 

Egypt and Eome were the principal 
divisions of Greece. 

The inhabitants of Greece lived in huts, 
eating the skins of wild beasts and dress- 
ing themselves in berries and acorns. 

Helen was the daughter of Troy a very 
beautiful woman and wrote the Illiad 
giving a long account of it. 

Lycurgus was a legislature. He abol- 
ished commerce and dress. 

[64] 



jEnglisb as ©be is ftauQbt 

Lycurgus was so strict lie turned all 
the women into men they were bold and 
corageous. 

Athens was the capital of Africa and 
the arts flourished. 

Darius attacked both sea and land. 

'The introduction of Asia made the 
Greeks have great manners and wealth. 

The Persian war lasted about 500 years. 

Socrates was no use at fighting. He 
destroyed some statues and had to drink 
shamrock. Socrates was a great ridi- 
culer. 

The Lacons talked Laconic. 

Philip when ten years old was sent as 
a hostess to Thebes. 

Greece had only 7 wise Men. 

Alexander surpassed all others in his 
rapidity extent and splendor. He was a 
model example to the career of others. 

Euins are almost always very histori- 
cal for they show how much money the 
inhabitants must have spent on them. 
Euins often give us the dates of their 
erection and are very useful in fixing the 
date of some event. 
5 [65] 



VIII 
INTELLECTUAL 

(American) 

Lowell, Taylor and Irving stand fore- 
most among the literature of the day. 

James Russell Lowell, Henry Longfel- 
low, Whittier and Horthorn have all 
written pieces of some note. 

Bryant while still a child wrote thana- 
topsis and then became editor of a paper 
and lived for many years after. 

A sort of sadness kind of shone in 
Bryant's poems. 

The Brasebrig Hall and of the Spy was 
also written by Bryant. 

Washington Irving was a great poet 
and prose. 

Bracebridge Hall was written by Henry 
Irving. 

[66] 



lEnQlteb as Sbe 10 ftaugbt 

"Washington Irving is noted for his 
sketch pieces. He also wrote the lives 
of men. 

Cooper's writings belong to that class 
of literature called bell lettres. 

Snow Bound was written by Peter 
Cooper. 

R. Waldo Emerson which is good for 
solid everyday use in extracting mot- 
toes. 

Emerson was first a minister but as he 
couldn't agree he decided to become a 
poetical and essay writer. 

Longfellow confined himself to poetry. 

Longfellow wrote the "Reck of the 
Hesperus " aiid " Outer Mare." 

Longfellow has indeed told the tale of 
Evangeline fully well. 

H. Wadsworth Longfellow is the most 
prominent writer in North America. 
Heawather is one of his principle poems 
a indian tale. Longfellow's poetry is 
characterized by universalism. 

J. Greenleaf-Whittier whose poetry 
proves that he was a man into or upon 

[67] 



lEnglteb as Sbe is £augbt 

whom the beauties of nature never passed 
unnoticed. 

Whittier is the author of the famous 
sonnet, " Sonnet on my Blindness " and 
the " Marble Form." 

Whittier wrote Tarn Shanta about a 
Witch in Salem. 

Oliver Wendell Holmes writeings are 
inclined to humerous. 

Holmes is a very profligate and amus- 
ing writer. 

Hawthorn has written a quite large se- 
lection of stories. 

The Scarlit litter and the Spie was 
written by Hawthorne. 

The House of the Seven G-ables was 
written by Lord Bryant. 

In the house of Seven Gables it is the 
story of seven devils who lived in the 
house. A house situated in Massachu- 
setts. 

Hauthorn wrote the Dear Slyer. 

Cotton Mather was a writer who in- 
vented the cotton gin and wrote histories. 

Mrs. Southworth's works are among 
[68] 



jSngliab as Sbe is GauQbt 

those classed among the Sentimental and 
are very much admired by people of that 
class. 

Joseph Eodman Drake his principal 
work is lines to my mother's picture. 

Edgar A. Poe was a very cnrdling 
writer. 

Marmion was written by Poe. 

Eev. E. P. Roe writes religiously. 

Webster is noted for his getting up 
the dictionary. He also wrote other 
things besides this. 

Mrs. Beecher Stow wrote a very natu- 
ral and svmathetic uncle Tom's cabin. 

The author of uncle Tom gives good 
discriptions of the people and places with 
whom she is dealing. 

Dread is a story of the disimal swamp. 

Samuel Johnson an American writer. 
His writing is proved and accepted, being 
exciting and meretorious. 

Wordsworth was an American writer 
whose works are such as will ever be ad- 
mired. 

Locke De Foe and Gibbons were all 
[69] 



jgnglteb as ©be is ZauQht 

American novalists and I have forgotten 
their works. 

(English) 

Beowulf wrote the Scriptures. 

Cadmus wrote pierce ploughman. 

Adam Bede a prominent writer of his 
time for he threw his soul and body into 
his writings. 

King Alfred wrote translations from 
the Bible and it is regarded as a very 
fine production yes one of the finest of 
the period. 

Ben Jonson survived Shakespeare in 
some respects. 

Fox wrote a very good book of Marters. 

Ben Jonson was a Shakesperian Dram- 
alist. He was a very rare writer as one 
of his friends declared. 

Spenser's Fairy queen shows the trials 
of a Night and the triumphs of a Vertue. 

Chaucer was the father of English 
pottery. 

Chauser was a bland verse writer of 
the third century. 

[70] 



jEnglieb as Sbe i$ ftaugfot 

Geoffrey Chaucer was a great young 
boy. His farther was lether seller. As 
time passed on he was an extraordinary 
writer of his time. 

Geffrey Chaucer ^x the date of his 
birth at 1340 suppose to belong to the 
high class of people from his sir name 
Chausier French he was armed a knight 
only very respectfull people could be 
armed knights. 

Chaucer began his writings during the 
reign of Queen Anne and they are de- 
serving of merit being the first of her 
reign. 

Chaucer was an English poet who in- 
structed Queen Elizabeth and she mourned 
greatly for him when he died. His prin- 
cipal Work was concerning the inhabi- 
tants of Bath. 

When Chaucer was 21 years of old he 
engaged in war. He fought valliantly 
and was unharmed. He also wrote a great 
many other works on Fowl. 

Chaucer displays his fame which shall 
always be distinguished from time imme- 

[71] 



lEnglisb as ©be is Gaugbt 

moriable. His satyripal stanzas are deep 
and show that we have found a man of 
value. The Canterbury Tales are under- 
taken by several journeymen. The Jolly 
Man was the amusement for the multi- 
tude. We had 32 going on the journey 
but each had no time to Tell a Tale, so 
they did not tell tales. 

King Arthur was to flourish as mag- 
nificence in Canterbury Tails. 

Peter Simple was one of the Canter- 
bury Tales. 

In the Canterbury Tale it gave ac- 
count of king Alfred on his way to the 
shrine of Thomas Bucket. 

The Canterbury Tales are 24 volums. 
It concists or happens in an In in Can- 
terberry and the people which is not un- 
customary. 

In the Canterbury Tales the Night of 
Fextivity arrives and each contributes 
by singeing or resitation. He is Inspired 
by angels who bids him sing of the origan 
of Man. 

Now Chaucer must have been a very 
[72] 



J6ngli0ft ae Sbe is ftaugbt 

keen intelligent man to thus class vari- 
ous characters and put them in their 
right place as to have harmony. His 
mind was always planning. 

Chaucer we find him gazing at his 
empty purse and apostrophizing it in 
despare and in terms that show his ab- 
ject poverty. 

Samson Augusta was one of Chaucer's 
principal works as it contained his life 
giving a full account of it. He also wrote 
something about Paradise. 

Chaucer was succeeded by H. "Wads. 
Longfellow an American Writer. His 
writings were chiefly prose and nearly 
one hundred years elapsed. 

Shakespere is an English author who 
is uncomputed. 

Shakespeare was a fiction and allegori- 
cal writer. His father married a lady of 
means but they became greatly reserved 
in circumstances. His most intimate 
friend was Ben Butler who was also a 
great fiction writer. 

Shakespears translated the Scriptures 
[73] 



jenglisb as ©be is Gaugbt 

and it was called St. James because he 
did it. 

Shakespere wrote Mackbeth, Othello 
and Merchant of Vennice, it is a wealthy 
Jew and Arabella has many suters. 

Hamlet one of Shakespeares best Trage- 
dies in which Eomeo and Juliet are the 
principal characters. It is a didactic 
poem. 

Hamlet set to the stage by so many 
eminant artists bears strongly the char- 
acter and mind of the writer. It has 
been judged not much over much and 
still holds the palm. 

In the play of Hamlet Shakespere tries 
to show how brewing over trouble makes 
people insane. 

In Hamlet the king gave a gladitorial 
combat in which Hamlet and Laertes is 
to take part. They all lie dead in the 
arena. 

The soliloquies of Hamlet throughout 
the play are notorious. 

Hamlet is very famous for the piece he 
used to speak about to be or not to be. 

[74] 



jEnglteb as ©be is Gaugbt 

The play of Julius Caesar consists of 
five acts each act being a Sene. He being 
the center around which all the rest are 
concerned is the main character. 

King Lear is a play where King Lear 
has three daughters and is very un- 
grateful. 

The merchant of Venice is old Shylock 
who lives in Venice. 

Macbeth was terrified by the ghost of 
Bancroft. 

Amanda was the heroine of the Tempest. 

Shakespeare's sonnits are on my blind- 
ness and ode to Imortallity. 

Frances Bacon was born in England 
and was a chemist, being of a very experi- 
menting sort of nature. He was a friar 
or Monk. 

Bacon wrote many things in defense 
of philosophy and was received by the 
people. He also wrote a great many his- 
tories of all the countries. 

Some of the folks say that Lord Bacon 
wrote a good many of Shakespeare's 
plays for him. 

[75] 



jEnelteb aa ©be \* ftaugbt 

Francis Bacon wrote under the name 
of Ovum Organum. 

John Milton was a great of the Eliza- 
bethan age. He Graduated from Colledge 
and devoted himself to literary persuits. 
His principal works are Paridise lost and 
regained this poem is very great when 
we consider the circumstances which it 
was written under having been born 
blind he translated it to his daughter and 
after all that it was sold for 5 lbs. 

Milton was called the blind poet and 
justly so as he was born blind. His brain 
worked and worked until it gave to the 
world a masterpece of poetry in Paridise 
Lost. It is his greatest effort though he 
is the author of several others. 

John Milton's parents paid great atten- 
tion to his litarary talents. John was a 
mere boy when his parents noticed him 
displaying great genius and love for 
writting and they then set to work to have 
this spirit advanced. 

John Milton's parents could not send his 
son to school so long as he desired to. So 

[76] 



English as Sbe is ZTaugbt 

he was sent to work at a early ago to pro- 
cure a means of livelihood, he was willing 
to do almost every thing to get along, so 
as to take part in some literary pursuit. 
So providence favored his attempts. 

Milton's father was a Pureitan but still 
wished to give his son a good education. 
He spent a few years with a privit tutor 
and then went to reside in his father's 
palace where he studied music and mathe- 
matics. 

Milton showed great aptitude for love 
of learning, so that his education was 
carefully looked into. He was very popu- 
lar with the puritan party because he was 
such a very puritan. 

Milton had a very intellectual mind. 

The early part of Milton's life was up- 
hill work. He rose in favor towards the 
central part. 

John Milton was always poor. He 
never became rich. He had a great many 
trials and suffering and povety. 

Milton formed a type of the Puritan 
ascendency. 

[77] 



jEnglteb as Sbe is Gaugbt 

John Milton wrote translations and 
very sublime writings. 

Milton is divided into three periods. 
L'Allegro was a novel written by him the 
greatest of English novelists since Shake- 
speare. Ill Penserose was written by him. 

Three times Milton gave his hand and 
was united in matrimony. 

Milton's married life was not happy. 
He married three wives in succession. 

Milton's wife would not live with him. 
His life was to strict for her. At last 
thinking that he ment to get a Divorce 
as he was writeing on that subject she 
returned to him. 

Milton wrote " Miltons Paradise " lost 
and " Paradise " regained in which Satan 
is represent as rebelling against our Sa- 
viour just as sinners and those who have 
sinned but have been converted. 

Milton's principal work is the exclu- 
sion of the bad angels out of heaven. 

Paradise lost begins rather low at first, 
but ends in one great climax. 

John Bunyan lived a life of scantity. 
[78] 



The principal works of John Dryden 
was Lives of the poets, belonging to 
Literature. 

Addison is the author of child Harold. 

Sam Johnson was so queer in his writ- 
ings that he was always called John- 
sonese. 

Fielding his works have been regarded 
with great success. 

Bichardson had the honor of standing 
among the first of his time. 

Sterne may be regarded as a formost 
writer of great praise. 

Smollett is a writer of great renown to 
some but others have never considered 
his genius. 

Peter the simple was written by Hume 
so as to describe a man who was not very 
bright. 

By DeFoe's genius he managed to get 
hold of the necessities of life and so man- 
aged to live. 

John Locke was a writer of England 
who wrote very extremely on Political 
Economy. 

[79] 



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John Locke's works were ministerial. 

John Locke's writings are sarcastic and 
cold. He wrote a white Devil essay. 

John Locke was not of a poetical turn 
of mind. 

John Locke's works are full of energy 
and lack no little want of thought. 

Alexander Pope is an English Novalist 
and deserving of special praise when we 
consider his misfortunes in bodily ail- 
ments. No other is so instructive as 
Pope's essay on man it shows deep know- 
ledge of man caracter. 

Alexander Pope the worthy successor 
to dryden to the Throne of Poesy. He 
was sick by deformed in body. 

Pope's life was quite bitter. He had a 
great deal of sarcasm and wrote a very 
fine essay upon Man. This was consid- 
ered his master stroke. 

Pope was deformed in many ways so 
much so that his mother was to be his ser- 
vant at any moment he spoke. His writ- 
enings are famous for the lucid arrange- 
ment of matters and for much genius. 

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Pope writes a poem about a maid of 
honor has beautiful hair cut off and let 
to fly in the wind for which poem he is 
reproved and he tries to correct its falts. 

Pope wrote Dunciade in which the 
thrown of the dunces is given to his lit- 
terary enimes. He wrote the Guardeen. 

Pope belonged *to the lake school and 
later on his writtings were free from the 
bitter sattire which shown out of his later 
works. 

Pope's masterpiece was essay on man 
in which he wrote his ideas. The quo- 
tations I do not think can be improved 
upon. 

In the Eape of the Locke there is a 
Story depicted in it. 

Jonathan Swift belonged to the English 
Church but was not much of a orna- 
ment from a religious point of view. 

Jonathan Swift belonged to what is 
called the lake school of Poetry. 

Swift wrote a Ulogy on His own death 
a touching poem is his lines to Stellar on 
her death. 

[81] 



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Swift wrote the tale of a tub between 
Catholics and Protestants. 

Swift wrote the famous poem of Twis- 
tam Shanty. 

Jonathan Swift's mind was from far 
away back tainted with insanity. 

Swift wrote Glullifer's travels which 
was discription of what he was supposed 
to see on a journey which he was sup- 
posed he took. 

Oliver Goldsmith's Histories are not 
very good but his other works are classed 
among the 1st. 

Burns chief poem was called " Tamo- 
schanta." 

Tarn OShanter is a sort of a ghost 
story told by an old man. A supersti- 
tious something that people believed in 
those days. 

Cowper had a melchomcally or sad dis- 
position but wrote feeling lines. 

Child Harold is Cowper's most famous 
work. This was the only novel he ever 
wrote not being much of a novel writer. 
Robinson Cruso was "William Cowper. 

[82] 



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Wm. "Wordsworth wrote the Barefoot 
Boy and Imitations on Immortality. 

Gibbon wrote a History of His travels 
in Italy. This was original. 

Lord Byron was a great novelist. He 
also wrote a few poems. 

Lord Byron was the son of an heiress 
and a drnnken man. 

Coleridge has caused them much joy 
and pleasure as he has written a large 
number of charming and illustrated 
works. 

Thomas Hood wrote the Song of the 
Shirt a very laughable and prety writing : 
About a lady riding. 

Sir Walter Scott was the greatest poet 
Scotland ever produced his principal 
work was ye banks and brays he also 
wrote a poem entitled Ivan Hoe. 

Sir Walter Scott ranked equal with 
any in point of genius as they did in 
popularity. 

Scott's great powers of discription and 
makes his works appear as if they hap- 
pened all over again. Marmion is one 

[83] 



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example where the rattling of the chains 
and so on are brought back to us again. 

Marmion is a neatly written tale. 

Marmion was a beautiful maiden who 
had many trials and afflictions. It is 
filled with illusions to Nature. 

Marmion was a story of country life 
described Marmion as a riding forth to 
gain glory. 

Kenilworth is a story nicely delivered 
of the literature of the day. 

Scott was the author of "Watts on the 
Mind. 

Scott was great in prose, poetry and 
misfortune. 

Macauleys was a great poet having 
been educated in a village he then be- 
came an editor of an evening paper and 
among his best works are the clock on 
the Stairs. Macauleys and Wittier are 
compared because both labored for the 
good of mankind. 

Lord Macauley was born in London 
at a time when there was the greatest 
need to England of a good historian. 

[84] 



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Thomas B. Macauley's was a man of 
stern but gentle parents. He had every 
amusement that parents could bestow on 
a child. 

Thomas Babbington Makorley gradu- 
ated at Harvard and then studied law, he 
was raised to the peerage as Baron in 
1557 and died in 1776. 

Macauley wrote Comeration Odes to a 
grecian earn under the willow. 

Thomas B. Macauley was the author of 
Pilgrims Progress. 

Maclauley's writings are all essays. 
He has loose and peodic sentences nicely 
arranged. He is very carefull always to 
perfect harmony. 

Macauley's writings are noted for bril- 
liant thought but not for very much ac- 
curacy. His works received a large sale. 

It is a question is not Macauly some- 
times to oratorical. 

George Eliot is quite an authoress. 

GJ-eorge Elliot is a writer of some worth. 

Geo. Elliott is the best lady Novalist in 
English. 

[851 



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George Eliot left a wife and children 
who mourned greatly for his genius. 

George Eliot gained renown by her 
work on Jane Ayre. 

George Eliott Miss Mary Evans Mrs. 
Cross Mrs. Lewis was the greatest female 
poet unless George Sands is made an 
exception of. 

Dickens is a great novelist he makes 
us fall in with his caracters. 

Dickens is one of the Greatest Ameri- 
can Novilist. 

Dickens is noted for his multiplicity in 
telling stories. 

Dickens is a very smart man and a por- 
trait of character. 

Dickens gives an incite into human 
life. 

Dickens is the most human writer Old 
Curiosity Shop was written by David 
Copperfield. 

Bulwell is considered a good writer. 

Lord Lytton former Bulwer placed 
himself at the head of English poets. 

Thackeray's genius is original. 
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Thacerey is a Great Genius. He gives 
us the fashionable life. 

Mrs. Browning wrote sonnets to the 
Pottery Geese. 

Mrs. Brownings Song of the Shirt is in 
almost every reader. 

Tennyson is a very populus poet. 

The greatest writers of the present day 
are Lord Beconsfield who wrote the " His- 
tory of Cyprus " and Miss Braddon who 
wrote " Peverel of the Peak." 

Sir "Walter Scott Charles Bronte Alfred 
the Great and Johnson were the first 
great Novelists. 

The most important event in the life 
of Horace was his birth in 45. 

The Iliad is called an Epic poem because 
it was first written in the Epic dialect. 

Homer's writings are Homer's Essays 
Virgil the Aneid and paradise lost some 
people say that these poems were not 
written by Homer but by another man of 
the same name. 

Sanscrit is not used as much as it used 
to be as it went out of use 1500 B. C. 

[87] 



IX 
PHILOSOPHICAL 

The name of the great philosopher of 
modern times was called Eurekia. 

The principle of Diogenes was that he 
could move the world if he could find a 
place big enough to stand in. 

Franklin proved that electricity and 
lightning are rods. 

Temperature is measured by a machine 
called a hydrometer. 

Sun melts ice by the law of cohesion of 
atoms. 

An inclined plane is a plane that in- 
clines. 

Drops of water are generally spherical 
for various reasons known only to the 
gracious Providence who has formed 
them. 

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Affinity is a liking evinced between 
two objects, contact not being necessary. 
One person may have an affinity or liking 
for another. 

Capillary attraction is the attraction 
between hair. A person's hair is affected 
by fright. The hair of some animals is 
attracted by lightning. 

A body will go just as far in the first 
second as the body will go plus the force 
the gravity and that's equal to twice 
what the body will go. 

Specific gravity is the weight to be 
compared weight of an equal volume of 
or that that is the weight of the body 
compared with the weight of and equal 
volume. 

Inertia is that proberty of bodies by 
virtue of which it cannot change its own 
condition of rest or motion. In other 
words it is the negative quality of pas- 
siveness either in recoverable latency or 
insipient latescence. 

The air pump is an instrument used 
for forcing water into a pump and expel- 

[89] 



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ling it by means of a vacuum. It ascends 
in the water downwards. 

The law of fluid pressure divide the 
different forms of organized bodies by 
the form of attraction and the number 
increased will be the form. 

By convection the body is heated in- 
stantaneous, as gunpowder. 

The reason a body falls when not sup- 
ported is that there is not enough air 
under it to keep it up and so it has to 
fall or the specific gravity is not great 
enough to hold it up. 

The difference between latent and sen- 
sible heat is that it feels sensible. 

If you listen closely you can vibrate a 
pitchfork. 

If an experiment be successful the re- 
sult will be inevitable. 

Thermal unit is the heat required to 
raise a pound of water through one foot. 

If we were on a railroad track and a 
train was coming the train would deafen 
our ears so that we couldn't see to get off 
the track. 

[90] 



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Tides are caused by the reflection of 
the sun and moon upon the water. 

Sir Isaac Newton founded the " Laws 
of Gravity." 

A simple pendulum is an imaginary 
point hung on a thread. 

The vibrations of a pendulum is deter- 
mined by the time they take. 

A noise is a collection of sounds which 
means nothing but a clatter. 

Sound is that form or motion of the 
mind which effects the oratory nerves. 

A sound is not like a noise because it 
has essential things to depend upon and 
a noise has not. 

To get gold from its ore it is polished 
and heated. 

Metals are changed in their elements 
by fussing them together. 



[91] 



X 

PHYSIOLOGICAL 

Physillogigy is to study about your 
bones stummick and vertebry. 

Disease is any affection of any organ 
of the body. 

Disease is more common to some peo- 
ple than to others. 

Disease is sickness caused by the in- 
troduction of some foreign generally in- 
sect substance as cholera. 

"When you have a illness it makes 
your health bad as well as having a 
disease. 

All mechanical work is injurious to 
the health. 

If a sawyer does not wear spectacles 
he will be sure to lose his sight. 

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Occupations which are injurious to 
health are carbolic acid gas which is im- 
pure blood. 

A stone mason's work is injurious be- 
cause when he is chipping he breathes in 
all the little chips and then they are taken 
into the lungs. 

A bootmaker's trade is very injurious 
because the bootmakers always press the 
boot against the thorax and therefore it 
presses the thorax in and it touches the 
heart and if they do not die they are 
cripples for life. 

The body is mostly composed of water 
and about one half is avaricious tissue. 

The body has an infinite number of 
bones joined together by the joints. 

The spine is quite an important bone. 

The spinal column is made of bones 
running all over the body. 

We have an upper and a lower skin. 
The lower skin moves all the time and 
the upper skin moves when we do. 

The upper skin is called eppederby 
and the lower skin is called derby. 

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We should never eat because the food 
does not digest. 

Digestion belongs to the lower ani- 
mals. 

Digestion is the circulation of the blood. 

Digestion is reducing our food to plump. 

Digestion is when food is taken into the 
stomach. 

The digestive fluids are the nerves mus- 
cles and bones. 

The organs of digestion are the stomach 
liver spleen and utensils. 

The stomach is a small pear-shaped 
bone situated in the body. 

After swallowing the food undergoes 
mastification. 

The gastric juice keeps the bones from 
creaking. 

The gastric juice digests the stomach. 

There are three salivary glands. The 
lacteals in the intestines. The lymphatic 
in the stomach. They change starch to 
grape sugar in the mouth. 

Eating rapidly the food does not give 
the saliva time to get into the mouth. 

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The salivary glands are used to salivate 
the body. 

Perspiration is caused by the culinary 
glands. 

The chyle flows up the middle of the 
backbone and reaches the heart where it 
meets the oxygen and is purified. 

The thoraic duct leads from the exte- 
rior ear to the drum. 

The thoraic duct is a tube in the back 
of the neck. 

When food is swallowed it passes 
through the windpipe and stops at the 
right side and some of it goes to make 
blood. 

In the stomach starch is changed to 
cane-sugar and cane-sugar to sugar- 
cane. 

We all have a very important ele- 
mentary cannal. 

The heart is a comical shaped bag. 

The function of the heart is between 
the lungs. 

The heart is suspended from the fifth 
pair of ribs. 

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The heart manufactures the blood and 
the liver keeps it going. 

Whenever the heart is emptied by the 
action of the lungs it causes disease. 

When the heart beats it stirs up the 
blood and that digests the food. 

The work of the heart is to repair 
the different organs in about half a 
minute. 

The nerve centers are the cartilages of 
the nerves. 

The optic nerve is the principal nerve 
used in digestion. 

The optic nerve is the nerve located at 
the base of the brain. 

The olfactory nerve enters the cavity 
of the orbit and is developed into the 
special sense of hearing. 

Nerves always give us the toothache. 

Neuralgia is caused by nerves trying 
to pierce the bones. 

The bones need constant oiling. This 
oil is called cartilege and runs from all 
the glands in the body. 

The eyes are set in two sockets in a 
[96] 



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bone which turns up at the end and then 
becomes the nose. 

When the blood circulates in the brain 
it is called intermittent. 

The blood flows through the alimentery 
canal into the abdominal canopy. 

The blood is putrefied in the lungs by 
inspired air. 

The blood corpusels interfere with the 
liver and prevents circulation. 

The three coverings of the brain are 
the diameter, the perimeter and the 
trachea. 

When the intestines become congealed 
they are followed by instant death. 

Albumen is a classification of articles 
of food. 

Albumen is a whity substance existing 
in the white of an egg to a great extent. 

Alcoholic beverages greatly obstruct 
the breaking down of the body. 

The heart lungs and blood is very dan- 
gerous. 

The cow has a pulse as well as any- 
body else. 

7 [97] 



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The cow has a pulse but you can not 
feel it at his wrist. 

A cow has no pulse but the higher 
animals sometimes do. 

All animals that have feet are called 
quadrupeds. 

The molars are the teeth that grow 
outside the head. 

The growth of a tooth begins in the 
back of the mouth and extends to the 
stomach. 

We are vacksinated for the smallpox 
and verylord. 

Fat is found in the creases of the body. 

An anatomical figure is to illustrate 
diseases of the skin. 



[98] 



XI 
ASTRONOMICAL 

A Sidereal day is the time from the 
sun leaving the sky till he appears again. 

The farther the sun is up the longer it 
takes it to set and the days are longer 
in summer than when the sun is low 
down. 

The weight of the earth is found by 
comparing a mass of known lead with 
that of a mass of unknown lead. 

To find the weight of the earth take 
the length of a degree on a meridian and 
multiply by 62J pounds. 

The size of the earth is found by find- 
ing the horizontal parallax of the sun. 

Abberation is if we saw a star and 
shot at it, the shot would not pass through 
the center but through the side. 

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The moon is 240 miles from the earth. 

The moon's nodes are the corners of 
the moon's orbit. 

The reason for believing that there are 
mountains on the moon is due to the 
shadows reflected on the earth. 

The libration of the moon show the 
north, east, south, and west sides of the 
heavens. 

The motions of the moon are found by 
watching the sun spots. 

There can be an eclipse of the moon 
when the sun gets into the moon's shadow. 

Juniper is a very bright star. 

Yenus, Jupiter and perhaps the earth 
was known to the ancients. 

Mars moves in his orbit at the rate of 
sixteen seconds a mile. 

The earth is 1492 miles in circum- 
ference. 

The spheres are to each other as the 
squares of their homologous sides. 

Eclipses are caused whenever the ob- 
scuration of a body is passed by the 
shadow of some other body. 

[100] 



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The planets shine with a steady light 
but the stars sprinkle. 

The stars would cover up the whole 
heavens if they were all spread out so 
astronomers have concluded to arrange 
them in constellations. 



[101] 



XII 
POLITICAL 

The world would be in a state of cos- 
mos if it had no system of government. 

Congress is divided into civilized half 
civilized and savage. 

The Constitution of the United States 
was established to ensure domestic hos- 
tility. 

The Constitution of the United States 
is that part of the book at the end which 
nobody reads. 

The first Conscientious Congress met 
in Philadelphia. 

A bill becomes a law when the Presi- 
dent vetos it. 

The three departments in the general 
government are the White House, Cus- 
tom House and United Treasury. 

[102] 



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The three departments of the govern- 
ment is the President rules the world, the 
governor rules the state, the mayor rules 
the city. 

There are two political divisions in the 
United States the democrats and repub- 
lican. 

The number of Senaters from each 
State is determined by the number of 
votes. 

The Articles of Confederation were 
made by the Confederates and the Con- 
stitution by all the people. 



[103] 



XIII 
MUSICAL 

Musical sounds differ because some are 
nicer than others. 

Pitch is the length of the keyboard of 
a orgin. 

An interval in music is the distance on 
the key board from one piano to the next. 

The value of a whole note depends on 
where it comes. 

A hole note requires three beats. 

A Rest means you are not to sing it. 

"We always sing five lines and four 
spaces. 

A dotted note holds on longer. 



[104] 



XIV 
OEATOEICAL 

Elocution is opening the mouth wide 
open. 

It is a very important thing to breathe. 

We should always breathe with the 
musels of the diagram unless we have 
catarr or a cold in the head. 

Vigorous breathing gives you wind in 
the lungs. 

Strong breathing prevents bilious defi- 
ciencies. 

By breathing any slight adhesion of 
the lungs is torn away. 

Good breathing prevents contagious 
diseases from settling in the systum. 

Breathing is very good for reading for 
when you are reading you carnt breathe 
at all and so it is good to breath a good 
deal before. 

[105] 



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Articulation is caused by resperation. 

Distinct articulation can not be made 
unless we have a tongue our lips and our 
teeth. 

Vowel sounds are made by keeping the 
mouth wide open and consonant sounds 
by keeping it shut. 

The Asperate quality of voice is when 
you try to say something in a whisper. 

Force is more loudness sometimes than 
others. 

Emphasis is putting more distress on 
one word than another. 

Inflection is when the voice goes up 
and then comes down again it is a period. 

A retorical pause is when you have to 
take breath. 

Stammering is caused by some detri- 
ment in the speech. 

Physical exercise makes the vocal mus- 
cles operate stronger. 



[106] 



XV 
METAPHYSICAL 

The study of Mental Philosophy teaches 
us that we are all sensible beings. 

The imagination is that part of the 
mind which looks forward to that which 
it does not lay its visible eye on. 

An energy is perfected when it is tan- 
tamount. 

The Canons of Induction were invented 
by Sir Humphrey Davy. 

Hamilton made a long and exhausting 
analysis of sense perception. 

Eeid considered externality to be some- 
thing hard. 

The theory that intuitive truths are 
discovered by the light of nature origi- 
nated from St. John's interpretation of a 
passage in the Gospel of Plato. 

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Man's moral life first originated in his 
perception of the world of Nature. 

Herodetus tells ns that the Egyptians 
were the first men who had immortal 
souls. 



[108] 



ONL COPY RECEIVED 

JUN 23 1903 



' COPY DEL. TO CAT. DIV. 
JUN. 24 1903 



. 



